Everyone has different eating habits and food aversions, and this is no different as we progress into later life. In fact, these challenges can escalate as appetite often decreases with age. This is why personalised care plans, including flexibility around food choices, are so important in care homes. The experts at Elmfield Care share how they put this into practice and how other care providers can follow suit.
Why does your appetite decrease as we age?
Esther Cambridge, general manager of Flowers Manor care home, shares: “As we age, our metabolism slows down, and our sense of taste and smell can change. There are specific reasons for this, including medical conditions such as dementia and Parkinson’s that can lead to a diminished sense of hunger.
Medication can also have side effects that affect appetite, such as nausea, dry mouth, altered taste perception, or gastrointestinal discomfort. Reduced physical activity can also play a role, as being more sedentary slows down digestion, which can further suppress appetite.”
What are the health risks linked to appetite loss?
Naomie Griffith, general manager of Nodens Manor care home, explains: “There are a number of risks for the ageing population when appetite is diminished. These include malnutrition and unintended weight loss, a weaker immune system that makes it harder to fight off illnesses, as well as muscle weakness, which can increase the risk of falls, fractures and hinder independence.
“A lack of key nutrients that would usually be obtained through a balanced diet, including B vitamins and omega-3s, can contribute to memory problems, confusion and cognitive decline.”
How can care staff spot appetite problems in their residents?
Michael Berkley Blezard, general manager of Old Sarum Manor care home, says: “There are many warning signs that residents might display when they are not eating enough. One of the most obvious is sudden, unexplained weight loss. Another key sign is fatigue and weakness, which can make everyday tasks they were previously able to manage more difficult, such as struggling to hold up a newspaper or concentrate on a crossword.
“Other signs include noticeable changes in eating behaviours, such as skipping meals or no longer enjoying their favourite foods. Care staff might also find food left uneaten after mealtimes or untouched snacks, indicating a growing disinterest in regular eating.
“Some signs can be harder to spot, including increased difficulty with chewing or swallowing. This could be linked to dental issues or dry mouth, but it can easily go unnoticed if not verbally communicated. Additionally, changes in mood can also be associated with a decreased appetite, although this can be harder to directly link to eating habits.”
How can care homes adapt?
Esther shares how care homes can support those who are struggling: “There are many ways to approach appetite issues, and what works will vary from resident to resident, so it is important to trial different approaches until you find what works best. Being consistent with mealtimes and involving residents in food choices may help. You can also make mealtimes more sociable, if that is something the individual enjoys.
“Another effective approach is offering smaller, nutrient-dense portions more frequently throughout the day, such as every three to four hours. Making meals visually appealing through colourful fruit and vegetables, as well as thoughtful presentation, may also help encourage appetite.
“Supporting good hydration throughout the day is also important, as dehydration can impact how someone feels about eating. Gentle movement, whether it be through light exercise or short walks, can also help stimulate hunger in older people, whilst improving overall wellbeing.”
Why are personalised care plans so important?
Naomi shares why tailoring care for residents is so important: “Every person is different, and this remains true as we age. These individual differences mean that care needs can vary significantly from resident to resident within care homes.
“By personalising care plans around specific food needs, such as dietary requirements or individual preferences, care homes can ensure residents’ needs are fully met. This helps to support healthier and more fulfilling lives.”
